ISLAMABAD (AP) — Defense Pact Between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
Saudi Arabia and nuclear-capable Pakistan have finalized a mutual defense agreement stating that any attack on one country will be considered an attack on both. This important agreement comes shortly after Israel’s recent strike on Qatar.
Historical Ties and Recent Context
The relationship between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has long been characterized by close economic, religious, and security collaborations, including alleged financial support for Pakistan’s nuclear program. Observers have posited that Pakistan’s nuclear umbrella could extend to Saudi Arabia, especially amid escalating tensions over Iran’s nuclear activities.
Implications for Regional Dynamics
The timing of the pact appears to send a message to Israel, the region’s presumed sole nuclear power, amidst its ongoing military actions following Hamas’ attack on October 7, 2023, targeting multiple nations including Iran and Syria.
Details of the Agreement
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed the pact. While it does not explicitly mention nuclear arms, the agreement enforces that any act of aggression toward either nation is deemed aggression toward both, aiming to bolster their defensive cooperation.
Longstanding Military Cooperation
The military partnership between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia dates back several decades, rooted in Pakistan’s role in safeguarding Islamic holy sites. This collaboration intensified post-1979 due to rising concerns about Iran following its Islamic Revolution.
Regional Reactions and Concerns
Reaction to the pact has been mixed, with India’s Foreign Ministry acknowledging it and planning to evaluate its implications for national security. Furthermore, U.S. officials express trepidation over the agreement amidst international scrutiny of Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities and missile systems.
Future Strategic Outlook
Both nations have yet to clarify whether the agreement includes Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal. Observers note that while Pakistan maintains a flexible nuclear doctrine, its military capabilities alone may be sufficient for regional security without relying on nuclear options. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia’s pursuit of a civilian nuclear program raises concerns of potential proliferation.
