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<p><strong>By:</strong> Frank Gardner, BBC Security Correspondent, Jerusalem</p>
<p>Paulin Kola</p>
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<img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/78a0/live/0cde8e00-ac92-11f0-ba75-093eca1ac29b.jpg.webp" alt="Various people walking along in Gaza, mainly away from the camera, with huge piles of debris in the background.">
<figcaption>US State Department states a Hamas attack on Palestinians would violate the ceasefire.</figcaption>
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<h2>Israel's Recent Air Strikes in Gaza</h2>
<p>Israel has initiated air strikes in southern Gaza, citing that "terrorists fired an anti-tank missile and gunfire toward IDF troops." The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) condemned the attack in Rafah, labeling it a "clear contravention of the ceasefire agreement" and vowed to respond decisively.</p>
<h2>Ceasefire Agreement Background</h2>
<p>The ceasefire was part of President Donald Trump's initiative to conclude the Gaza conflict, becoming effective on October 10. Its initial phase centered on the release of all living hostages and the return of 12 deceased individuals to Israel from a total of 28.</p>
<h2>Prisoner Releases and Military Response</h2>
<p>In exchange for hostages, Israel released 250 Palestinian prisoners and 1,718 detainees, along with returning 15 Palestinian bodies for each Israeli hostage return. The Israeli military's actions in Gaza followed an October 7 attack that resulted in the deaths of about 1,200 people in southern Israel and the abduction of 251 others.</p>
<h2>Hamas's Denial of Hostilities</h2>
<p>The IDF reported that "terrorists fired an anti-tank missile and gunfire toward IDF troops" in Rafah. However, Hamas claimed ignorance of any such incidents occurring in the area it controls, affirming that communication with its groups there has been severed since the war resumed in March.</p>
<h2>Control of Gaza and Internal Conflicts</h2>
<p>Currently, the IDF maintains control of just over half of the Gaza Strip. Hamas is facing challenges from rival armed groups, including Yasser Abu Shabab's Popular Forces, which Hamas alleges are being supported and armed by Israel. Local sources reported that Hamas fighters clashed with an Abu Shabab-affiliated group, leading to an exchange of fire before Israeli airstrikes followed.</p>
<h2>US Concerns and Ceasefire Compliance</h2>
<p>The US has raised concerns about Hamas allegedly planning an imminent attack on civilians in Gaza, which would breach the ceasefire terms. The US State Department warned that such actions would undermine mediation efforts and indicated that they are holding Hamas accountable to the ceasefire obligations. Trump has cautioned Hamas against civilian casualties, affirming that further killings could trigger military actions.</p>
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